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| c. 1000 |
| | | Man-eating Caribs move into the islands around the sea named after them - the Caribbean | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico | |
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| c. 1345 |
| | | The Aztecs settle on an uninhabited island in a lake, which they name Tenochtitlan — the site of the modern Mexico City | |
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| 1434 |
| | | The rulers of Tenochtitlan join with two other neighbouring kingdoms to form the Aztec Triple Alliance | |
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| 1438 |
| | | After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti | |
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| c. 1440 |
| | | Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco | |
|  | Masonry in Cuzco
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun | |
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| 1463 |
| | | The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa | |
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